Sex Limited, Sex Influenced and Sex Linked Traits

 Sex Limited, Sex Influenced and Sex Linked Traits:-

Sex Limited Traits:- ऐसे लक्षण जिन्हें अभिव्यक्त करने वाले जीन कायिक गुणसूत्रों पर उपस्थित होते हैं परन्तु इनकी अभिव्यक्ति नर या मादा केवल एक ही जीव में होती है, Sex Limited Traits कहलाते हैं।

(Such traits whose genes are present on autosomes but are expressed in only one organism, either male or female, are called Sex Limited Traits.)

उदाहरण (Example):-

i. Beard growth in humans is limited to men

ii. Milk production in cows

iii. Cock feathering is limited to males in domestic chicken

Sex Influenced Traits:- ऐसे लक्षण जिन्हें अभिव्यक्त करने वाले जीन कायिक गुणसूत्रों पर उपस्थित होते हैं। समयुग्मजी अवस्था में नर  मादा में समान रूप से प्रकट होते हैं। परन्तु विषमयुग्मनज अवस्था में नर  मादा में अभिव्यक्ति के दौरान भिन्नता प्रदर्शित करते हैं, Sex Influenced Traits कहलाते हैं।

(Such traits whose genes are present on autosomes. They expressed equally in the homozygous stage in both males and females. But in the heterozygous stage, they express differently in males and females.)

उदाहरण (Example):- मनुष्य में गंजापन (Baldness in humans)

नर में टेस्टोस्टीरोन हार्मोन bald allele की प्रभावशीलता को बढ़ा देता है। इसी कारण bald allele नर में प्रभावी  मादा में अप्रभावी होता है।

(The hormone testosterone in males increases the effectiveness of the bald allele. For this reason the bald allele is dominant in males and recessive in females.)

Sex Linked Traits:- ऐसे लक्षण जिन्हें अभिव्यक्त करने वाले जीन – गुणसूत्र पर उपस्थित होते हैं, Sex Linked Traits कहलाते हैं।

(Such traits whose genes are present on the X-chromosome are called Sex Linked Traits.)

उदाहरण (Example):-

i. रतौंधी (Colour blindness):- इसके रोगी लाल  हरे रंग में विभेदन करने में असमर्थ होते हैं।

(Its patients are unable to differentiate between red and green colour.)

ii. हीमोफिलिया (Hemophilia):- इसके रोगी में रक्त का थक्का नहीं जमता है।

(Blood does not clot in its patient.)

iii. Duchene Muscular Dystrophy:- इसके रोगी में मांसपेशियाँ कमजोर हो जाती हैं।

(In its patients the muscles become weak.)

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