Distribution of problem soils in different agro-ecosystem of India
Distribution of problem soils in different agro-ecosystem of India
भारत के विभिन्न कृषि-पारिस्थितिक तंत्र में समस्याग्रस्त मिट्टी का वितरण
- Tropical regions: These regions cover most of India and are characterized by high rainfall and high temperatures. The soils in this region are generally acidic and low in fertility, with high levels of aluminum and iron. Some of the major problem soils in tropical regions include:
Lateritic soils: These soils are highly weathered and have low fertility, high acidity, and high levels of aluminum and iron. They are found in parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Orissa.
ये मिट्टी अत्यधिक अपक्षयित होती हैं और इनमें कम उर्वरता, उच्च अम्लता और एल्यूमीनियम और लोहे का उच्च स्तर होता है। वे केरल, कर्नाटक, महाराष्ट्र और उड़ीसा के कुछ हिस्सों में पाए जाते हैं।
Acidic soils: These soils are highly acidic and low in fertility, with high levels of aluminum and iron. They are found in parts of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland.
Saline soils: These soils are characterized by high salt content and are found in coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.
इन मिट्टी की विशेषता उच्च नमक सामग्री है और यह आंध्र प्रदेश, गुजरात, महाराष्ट्र, उड़ीसा, तमिलनाडु और पश्चिम बंगाल के तटीय क्षेत्रों में पाई जाती है।
- Subtropical regions: These regions are characterized by moderate temperatures and rainfall. The soils in this region are generally neutral to slightly acidic and have moderate fertility. Some of the major problem soils in subtropical regions include:
Red and yellow soils: These soils are highly weathered and have low fertility. They are found in parts of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh.
Alluvial soils: These soils are formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers and are highly fertile. However, they are prone to waterlogging and salinization. They are found in parts of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.
- Temperate regions: These regions are characterized by low temperatures and moderate rainfall. The soils in this region are generally neutral to slightly acidic and have moderate to high fertility. Some of the major problem soils in temperate regions include:
Mountain soils: These soils are found in the Himalayan region and are characterized by low fertility, high acidity, and erosion. They are prone to landslides and soil erosion.
Black soils: These soils are rich in clay and are found in parts of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. They are highly fertile but prone to waterlogging and salinization.
Overall, the distribution of problem soils in India is closely related to the agro-ecosystems present in different regions. Effective soil management practices, such as proper irrigation, use of organic fertilizers, and soil conservation measures, can help overcome these problems and improve agricultural productivity in the country.
कुल मिलाकर, भारत में समस्याग्रस्त मिट्टी का वितरण विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में मौजूद कृषि-पारिस्थितिक तंत्र से निकटता से संबंधित है। प्रभावी मृदा प्रबंधन पद्धतियां, जैसे उचित सिंचाई, जैविक उर्वरकों का उपयोग, और मृदा संरक्षण उपाय, इन समस्याओं को दूर करने और देश में कृषि उत्पादकता में सुधार करने में मदद कर सकते हैं।
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